Question

1. Using Microsoft Excel, plot the following data on to a single graph. Include appropriate figure titles etc. and paste this into your answer document. Be sure to include the error bars for the standard deviation (SD). Please also make sure that you provide an appropriate description of this figure.

Oxygen Consumption (ml/kg/min)

		Males		Females
Workload(W)	Mean		SD	Mean	SD
50	9.5		1.2	9.0	1.4
100	15.8		1.3	16.1	2.0
150	22.7		1.0	22.0	2.2
200	31.9		0.9	31.4	2.7
250	42.7		0.7	38.1	3.0
300	48.5		0.7	42.2	3.1
350	55.9		1.2	55.1	2.0
400	67.5		1.4	62.2	2.1
450	73.5		1.7	68.0	2.5
500	83.0		2.0

b) Based upon these results estimate the cardiovascular training status (i.e. sedentary, untrained, well-trained, highly trained and elite) of these groups (i.e males and females). In your answer discuss what other factors may be related to endurance performance.

Participant Number	Gender	Maximal Oxygen Consumption (ml/kg/min)
1	Male	52.2
2	Female	48.1
3	Male	50.8
4	Male	60.9
5	Female	45.1
6	Female	47.8
7	Male	68.0
8	Male	60.4
9	Female	57.1

10 Female 52.7

c) Using the data from the table above calculate the average maximal oxygen consumption (and standard deviation) for both males and females. In your answer make sure you round your answer off to one decimal place, include standard deviations and the unit of measurement

Males: _

Females: _

2. Explain why is there a difference in VO2 max between:

a) Males and females

b) Middle-aged and older populations

3. a) Is the respiratory system a rate-limiting factor for VO2 max in normal healthy participants? Briefly explain.

b) Explain what other factors may limit maximal oxygen consumption and what are the most likely factors limiting it?

4. Discuss the possible causes of the elevated VO2 during recovery from exercise? What is the term used to describe this phenomenon.

5. a) Briefly discuss the role of the nervous system in regulating changes in heart rate during exercise of increasing intensity (include regulatory mechanisms).

b) Explain how blood returns to the heart. Why should one “cool down” after vigorous exercise rather than stop abruptly.

6. Explain the physiological processes responsible for the vertigo (dizziness) experienced when one hyperventilates.

Summary

The question belongs to Statistics and it is about data interpretation on workload and oxygen consumption. The question discusses about the mean and standard deviation on workload and oxygen consumption in both males and females. Apart from this, minimum and maximum oxygen consumption also has to be calculated.

Total Word Count 767

Sampling And Data Analysis For Qualitative And Quantitative Research